5. United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) (formerly the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA))

Abstract

The USMCA replaced NAFTA. It entered into force in July. Climate change is a crucial aspect in the analysis of the USMCA. The move towards technology, development, and enhanced industrialization, coupled with a population boom, has harmed the climate and the environment. The refusal of states to take collective responsibility has been a major factor. However, there has been some change recently with international organizations and governments striving to make improvements. This is being done through the formulation of new legislation and agreements, and the amendment of the existing ones to make them more effective.